NOTE F5 Results from portfolio management and reassessments, legacy remediation and major litigations

Accounting policy

Results from portfolio management and reassessments include:

gains and losses on the sale of subsidiaries, joint operations, joint ventures, and associates that do not qualify as discontinued operations,
acquisition costs of new businesses,
gains and losses on the sale of real estate not directly linked to an operating activity,
restructuring charges driven by portfolio management and reassessment, including impairment losses resulting from the shutdown of an activity or a plant, and
impairment losses resulting from testing of CGUs.

Results from legacy remediation and major litigations include:

the remediation costs not generated by on-going production facilities (shut-down of sites, discontinued productions, previous years’ pollution) and
the impact of significant litigations.

In € million	2017	2016
Restructuring costs and impairment	(143)	(239)
M&A costs and gains and losses on disposals	(45)	82
Results from portfolio management and reassessments	(188)	(157)

In € million	2017	2016
Major litigations	(16)	(12)
Remediation costs and other costs related to non-ongoing activities	(69)	(42)
Results from legacy remediation and major litigations	(84)	(54)

In 2017, these items relate primarily to:

Restructuring costs and impairment relating to:
- the closure of sites in China and Korea (€(13) million),
- the closure of sites of the Soda Ash business (€(23) million),
Impairment with respect to Polyamides retained assets (€(91) million),
M&A costs and gains and losses on disposals:
- the deconsolidation of the Venezuelan entity (€(72) million, of which €(60) million for CTA recycling),
- the gain on the Cross Linkable Compound business divestment (€43 million),
- the loss on the disposal of Dacarto Benvic (€(13) million).

In 2016, these items related primarily to:

Restructuring costs and impairment relating to:
- the mothballing of the Soda Ash plant in Egypt (€(112) million),
- the divestment decision of the US torrefied biomass electricity generation project (€(39) million),
- the resizing of Solvay’s shared services due to the changes in the Group’s portfolio (€(40) million),
- the impact of adverse market conditions on the Brazilian electricity cogeneration assets (€(28) million),
M&A costs and gains and losses on disposals:
- gain on Inovyn divestment (€71 million),
- loss on the disposal of a peroxide business in Bussi (Italy) (€(13) million),
- gain following additional reversal of the holdback included in the Chemlogics purchase price and subject to performance conditions not reached in 2016 (€49 million), and
- M&A acquisition costs for €(25) million.